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《灵枢•九宫八风》是《黄帝内经》九宫八风时空医学理论的核心篇章，历代学者
对其中关於「占」与「风」的内容众说纷绁，多有误解。本研究结合天文学、地理学、
气象学、中医学、考古学及古文学等多学科知识，对《灵枢•九宫八风》相关原文及《灵枢•
岁露论》的一个范例进行解读分析 。从科学的角度，说明「实风」是风向与风速皆正常
对应於节气之风；「病风」是风力等级8 级或以上，破坏力强大之异常气象，具有灾害性；
「虚风」是风向极端异常，来自於节气所应方位之相反方向的风，在不同节气，会对人
体某些脏象功能造成较明显的负面影响，对农作物亦有伤害。「占」的含义为「预测」「预
知」；「贵践」指粮食等农作物价格的高低，及病风对人民生活和健康水平的影响。总
体来说，「五宫占」与「风占」内涵一致，只是「占」的出发点不同，皆包括「五宫病风占」
（占贵贱）、「五宫实风占」（占为吉）和「五宫虚风占」（占易伤之对 脏象）。《灵枢•
九宫八风》中这些系统、全面而科学的论述皆属於医疗气象学和疾病预测预防学的范畴，
是古人对自然规律做出的科学探索和经验总结，为现代九宫八风时空医学理论的医疗气
象运用打下了良好的基础
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Mingshu Li 1*
1. Department of Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of
Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Lingshu-Nine Palaces and Eight Winds is the core chapter of the Nine Palaces and Eight
Winds Spatio-temporal Medical Theory of Huangdi Neijing. For centuries Add a "," scholars held different interpretations on the content of "Zhan ( 占)" and "Winds ( 风)" in this chapter which may inadvertently cause misunderstandings. Drawing multidisciplinary knowledge and insights from astronomy, geography, meteorology, traditional Chinese medicine, archaeology,and ancient literature, this study aims to interpret and analyze the original text of Lingshu-Nine Palaces and Eight Winds and an example of Lingshu-Suilu Lun. Anchoring to the scientific point of view, it clarifies that the “Timely-Winds ( 实风)” are normal in speed with directions corresponding to the solar terms of the Traditional Chinese Calendar; “Ill-Winds（病风）” represent destructive forces of gales or storms; “Weakening-Winds（虚风）” originate from the opposite directions of the solar terms. At different times of the year, different human inner organs may be affected and weakened when predisposed to the “Weakening-Winds”. In addition, crops may also be vulnerable to the “Weakening-Winds”. In essence, "Zhan" means "to predict” or "make prediction". “Guijian ( 贵贱)” refers to the price of grain and other crops, and the impact of “Ill-Winds” on people’s living conditions and health. Overall, the content of "Zhan of the Five Palaces（五宫占）" and " Zhan of the Winds（风占）" are fairly similar in content. With emphasis on different aspects, both are used to predict impacts of abnormal meteorological phenomenon. They both include “Ill-Wind Prediction of the Five Palaces ( 五宫病风占)” (to predict Guijian), “Timely-Wind Prediction of the Five Palaces ( 五宫实风占)” (representing good luck and fortune) and “Weakening-Wind Prediction of the Five Palaces ( 五宫虚风占)” (to predict which human inner organ is weakened). They represent the early stage of Chinese medical meteorology with capabilities in both disease prediction and prevention. Documented by the ancients through their systematic and comprehensive observations and explorations of nature, Lingshu-Nine Places and Eight Winds can shed light to the current medical meteorological applications of the Nine Palaces and Eight Winds Spatio-temporal Medical Theory of Huangdi Neijing.
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104.2 《灵枢•九宫八风》「占」与「风」之内涵及意义探析
