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中医药研究论丛
 263.6 自闭症儿童的中西医观点文献探讨
TJ TCM.26(3) : 81-93, 2023
DOI : 10.6516/TJTCM.202309_26(3).0006
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自闭症儿童的中西医观点文献探讨
Literature Review of Children with Autism
Spectrum Disorder in the Perspective of
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine
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廖宇晨 1 杨舒渝 1,* 1
佛教慈济医疗财团法人台中慈济医院中医部，台中，台湾
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【摘要】
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自闭症是一种以社交功能障碍与重复刻板行为为症状表现的广泛性发展障碍，根据世界卫生组织（WHO）统计世界上每100个儿童中有1位患有自闭症，随着诊断标准的确立以及社会对此病的意识提升，发病率有逐年上升的趋势。目前已知自闭症的病因与环境及遗传因素有关，而具体病因病机尚未明确，且此病具高度异质性，目前治疗方式根据患者多变的症状而有所不同，其中包括行为治疗、药物以及另类疗法，虽能改善部分的症状，临床上却仍未发展出最有效治疗核心症状的方法。中医认为自闭症属於「童昏」、「语迟」等范畴，是由於先天不足，後天失养；肾精亏虚，心窍不通，神失所养，肝失调达，升发不利所致；其病位在脑，与心、肝、肾三脏有密切关系。根据不同的临床症状，以补肾填精、清心平肝、豁痰开窍，或益气健脾、养心安神为治则，亦能并用针灸或推拿手法刺激穴位以开窍益智、醒神启闭，达到标本同治。本文藉由文献探讨中西医对自闭症病因病机与治疗方式的观点，提供更多治疗想法，以期提升整体疗效，帮助自闭症儿童之未来发展。
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【关键词】自闭症、语迟、行为治疗、补肾填精、豁痰开窍
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Yu-Chen Liao1 Su-Yu Yang1,*
Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
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【Summary】
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized with persistent deficits in social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities. According to World Health Organization, about one in 100 children has autism. The prevalence continues to rise because of better clinical diagnostic assessments and increased community concern. Environmental factors and genetical factors are believed to be related to ASD, but the exact etiology still remains unknown. Since ASD is highly heterogeneous, managements can be various and adapted to different patients. Behavioral therapies, medicines and alternative therapies have been widely conducted clinically. However, there has not been an effective way to cure the core symptoms. In theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ASD is considered as retardation in speaking. ASD is caused by congenital deficiencies and malnutrition of acquired essence, with different causes such as depletion of kidney essence, heart spirit confused by phlegm or liver depression. Brain, heart, liver and kidney are the associated organs. In order to treat both manifestation and root cause of disease, the principals of treatment can be invigorating kidney and nourishing essence, clearing heart fire and suppressing hyperactive liver, eliminating phlegm for resuscitation, invigorating spleen and replenishing qi or nourishing blood for tranquillization according to different clinical symptoms. Acupuncture or manipulation techniques can also be used for inducing resuscitation and benefiting intelligence by stimulation acupuncture points. In this article, we hope to provide more ideas for treating ASD and help more autistic patients by discussing different viewpoints in TCM and Western medicine.
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【Keywords】Autism spectrum disorder, retardation in speaking, behavioral therapy, invigorating kidney and nourishing essence, eliminating phlegm for resuscitation.
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