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中医药研究论丛
 201.3葛洪肘後方之针灸思想初探
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葛洪肘後方之针灸思想初探
Study on the Acupunctural Medical Thoughts of “GE Hong”
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陈麒方1,2 孙茂峰1,2,3*
1 中国医药大学中医学系博士班，台中，台湾
2 中国医药大学医经医史研究室，台中，台湾
3 中国医药大学附设医院中医部，台中，台湾
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【摘要】
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葛洪《肘後备急方》，又称《肘後方》，因2015 年屠呦呦由该书灵感获取青蒿素，而得诺贝尔生理医学奖，世人再次注意到传统医药资料库的实用性。葛洪一生重要着述为《肘後方》与《抱朴子》。《肘後方》为东晋时期作品，而後有梁代陶弘景增补、唐人增修、金代杨用道附广於1144 年刊行，全书共八卷、七十三篇。今《肘後方》所载针灸资料共一般以为共109条，实际上，本研究者通算传世本《肘後方》全书八卷，应为95 条灸方、6条针方，共101 条针灸处方，《肘後方》为研究两晋南北朝针灸学术发展提供不少资讯，其与《灵枢》、《黄帝三部针经》正典医经体系迥异。葛洪提倡灸法，取穴主张「灸言分寸，不名孔穴」，重视「灸疗」及「穴区」；鉴於腧穴名称繁杂，对普罗大众应用上不便利，故言「穴用」而「不重穴名」，强调实用方便为先。《肘後方》针灸治疗重视督脉以及四末穴位，使用大量的隔物灸，还有重视灸与药并施，一切以日常生活便利应用为主。葛洪利用人体表面解剖标志定位、同身寸法、骨度折量，并透过辨别体表病理性改变来定位腧穴度量，此些方式，几乎涵盖了现今常用的取穴法。又《肘後方》对内踝尖上三寸之三阴交穴提出主治「手足逆冷」，经反覆验证，临床上屡收良效，或可对今腧穴治疗学教材作补充。
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【关键词】
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葛洪、肘後方、针灸、灸法
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Chi-Fang Chen1,2 Mao-Feng Sun1,2,3,*
1Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine,China Medical Univ.,
Taichung, Taiwan
2Research Centre for Medical Literature & History, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical
Univ., Taichung, Taiwan
3Dept. of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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【Summary】
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The TCM literature can be seen as part of a textual tradition which guides clinical practice, while other excavated archaeological texts have no relevance,and therefore can be relegated to archival literature. GE, Hong（Chinese：葛洪）,a well-known physician for his interest in alchemy, taoism, and techniques of longevity. His famous medical book is Zhou-Hou-Fang. This GE’ s book title isusually translated as Handy Therapies for Emergencies. This book has never been translated into English. There are lots of medical texts contain many knowledge in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）field. This book is one of them. Dr. Tu You-You won the 2015 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, she was inspired by Zhou-Hou-Fang. However, there are also lots of acupunctural contents that people neglected. This paper aims to find the value in acupuncture of the book. The eight volume book Zhou-Hou-Fang contains the main medical thoughts of GE. There are 95 articles of moxibustion（95 条灸方）and 6 articles of acupuncture（6 条针方）. GE thought that moxibustion treatment method is much more convenient than acupuncture. Besides, he used an area of section in human body instead of acupuncture points to locate the treatment point. His concept is trying to find the easy way for everyone. He paid attentions on acupuncture point area (not precise acu-point) in four extremities of body, for letting people use trying acupuncture & moxibustion easily. Furthermore, GE gave up Five Elements theory（五行理论）and Bowel-and-Visceral theory（脏腑理论）. He only emphasized the utility of acu-points rather than theoretical explanation in acupunctural field. Acupuncture is a commonly used treatment method in clinical use. It is the stimulation of acu-points involving penetration with thin mental needles and their subsequent manipulation. We can find many characteristics of acupuncture in classical TCM literature.
Keywords：Ge Hong, Zhou-Hou-Fang, Acupuncture, Moxibustion
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