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中医药研究论丛
 211.6 肉桂药材名实考证
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TJ TCM.21(1) : 57-70, 2018 57
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肉桂药材名实考证
A Textural Research of the Medicinal Material of Rou-guei
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李威寰1 李世沧2*
1 中国医药大学 中医学院 中医学系博士班，台中，台湾
2 中国医药大学 中医学院 中医学系，台中，台湾
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【摘要】
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目的为经由历代文献所载「肉桂」药材及其药性记载，俾便建立其使用标准。然「肉桂」其名之衍且涉於诸桂之用，虽曰诸家本草、方书备载，然至今仍然未得明朗，则「肉桂」药材之名实何指？方法系将历代本草、方书典籍诸文献材料，试对「肉桂」药材加以辨析，希冀得其原貌，俾使名实相符。经由研究结果显示，「肉桂」一名，始载於唐·苏敬《新修本草》；然实早出於南梁·陶弘景《本草经集注·桂》：「案《本经》唯有菌桂、牡桂，而无此『桂』，用、体大同小异。今世用便有三种，以半卷、多脂者，单名『桂』，入药最多」之一，经由药材修治之外观皆由「半卷」而得名。於方书，「肉桂」一名始载於南北朝·陈延之《小品方》。结论是「肉桂」是以「肉多，半卷」为据，则「半卷」肉桂，当系从牡桂脱出者为是；至其与桂枝混施，当以「桂心」为择。至於其用，《本草经集注·桂》：「所用悉与前说相应。」故核定肉桂药材於典籍文献上之名实，当可正确肉桂药材之使用。
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【关键词】肉桂、桂心、本草、方书、药性
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Wei-Huan Lee1 Shih-Chang Lee2*
1Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical
University, Taichung, Taiwan
2School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University,
Taichung, Taiwan
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【Summary】
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The aim of this study is to identify the use of rou-guei through the medicinal material and the nature of medicinals in ancient documentation. The name and the use of rou-guei can be seen in many editions of materia medica, classical formula. However, the correct medicinal material and the use of rou-guei are still unclear. The result shows that the name of rou-guei was first used in Xinxiubencao (Su Jing) during Tang dynasty. But the medicinal material has already been used since Bencaojingjizhu (Tao Hongjing) during Liang dynasty: “There were only jiunguei and mu-guei in Shennongbencaojing. The use and appearance are similar. There are three kinds of guei at the time. The one with half rolled and full of oil which we called guei is the most used.” So the name of rou-guei is due to the half rolled appearance. Rou-guei was also first shown in the classical formula called Xiaopinfang (Chen Yanzhi) during Northern and Southern dynasties. The conclusion shows the appearance of the medicinal material of rou-guei is half rolled and full of oil. This kind of guei is separated from mu-guei. We should choose guei-sin rather than guei-jhih. The use of rou-guei is like the foregoingin Bencaojingjizhu (Tao Hongjing). This study can benefit the origin and source when using the medicinal material of rou-guei.
Keywords：rou-guei, guei-sin, materia medica, classical formula, nature of medicinals
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