中医药研究论丛

212.3 论三焦实质之新探
TJ TCM.21(2) : 23-38, 2018
论三焦实质之新探
A New Exploration on the Intrinsic Features of San Jiao (Triple Membrane)
陈必诚1* 黄廷宇1
1 中国医药大学学士後中医系,台中,台湾
【摘要】
本文回顾古、今对三焦实质的各种观点,并从中整理出较常被讨论的问题,包含:三焦腑本质上是否有意义?有形或无形?三焦之形为何?等三点,但从各种论述中又可以发现,「有形」与「无形」应是个假设的问题,而「有形」的最基本单位亦无共识。因此我们认为在讨论中明确的将以下四点:1. 三焦「假设」为「有形」或「无形」? 2.「有形」的最小讨论单位为何? 3. 三焦的「文献定义」基准为何? 4.「三焦实质」的「定义」为何?一一说明,可使各研究三焦的学者更便於沟通想法。另外,为了示范以上想法的实际操作方式,我们特以「肓膜腠理」理论为基础来论述三焦的实质,可发现在三焦为有形之定义时、有形者以分子为最小单位、三焦以《内》、《难》为基准这三个假设下,「肓膜腠理」多方面符合三焦的实质描述功能:「肓」是藏器外的薄膜,可通行津液、诸气;「膜」包含组织膜,可通行津液,但输送营卫功能较不明确,另外:膜也包含细胞膜,而膜上受体、通道,则可通行津液、营气、卫气、原气;「腠理」则主要是皮下各层的组织,亦可行津液与诸气。而由此观点,三焦从实质的角度而论,则可翻译作「Triplemembrane」。
【关键词】三焦、膜、实质、膏肓、腠理
Bih-Cheng Chen1* Ting-Yu Huang1
1School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
【Summary】
This study reviews the ancient and modern perceptions on the intrinsic features of San Jiao and organizes the more commonly discussed issues which includes: Is there any significance in the intrinsic features of San Jiao? Is it tangible or intangible? What is the structure of San Jiao? However, we find that "tangible" and "intangible" should be recognized as a hypothesis in many various discussions, also, there is no consensus on the smallest structure to use when discussing the structure of San Jiao. Hence, we believe that by highlighting the following 4 key points will facilitate the communication between the researchers focusing on the studies on San Jiao: 1. Is San Jiao assumed as "tangible" or "intangible"? 2. What is the basic unit of discussion of "tangibility"? 3. What is the benchmark of "literature definition" for San Jiao? 4. What is the definition of "intrinsic features of San Jiao"? To illustrate the ideas above, we specifically apply the theory of “huang mo cou li” which refers to the skin and membranes as a base for the discussion on the intrinsic features of San Jiao. Under the hypothesis of the following 3 considerations: San Jiao is defined as tangible, molecular level is the basic unit of the tangibility, Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon) and Nan Jing (The Classic of Difficulty) being the benchmark reference, we identified that “huang mo cou li” meet the description of the intrinsic functions of San Jiao in many aspects. “huang”, the thin serosa that cover the organs, that permeable to fluid and Qi. “mo” includes the tissue membranes that permeable to fluid but its role in the transport function of Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) and Wei Qi (Defense Qi) is unclear. In addition, “mo” also includes cell membranes which the membrane receptors and channels that are permeable to fluid, Ying Qi, Wei Qi and Original Qi. “cou li” is mainly referred as the subcutaneous layers of tissues which are permeable to fluid and Qi. Based on these points of view, San Jiao can be translated as "Triple membrane" from the perspective of its intrinsic features.
KeywordsSan Jiao, membrane, intrinsic features, fat layer and serosa, subcutaneous
layer of skin